| Organization/university |
Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI) |
| Department/faculty |
Modelling, Analysis and Simulation (MAS) |
| Contact person |
Prof.dr. J.G. Verwer |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| CWI acts as administrator and
takes care of organizing and running NPSC. As a national NWO institute
it is well equipped for this task. Its research cluster MAS will be
involved in NPSC projects within 5 of the 6 listed application areas.
MAS has a longstanding experience in Scientific Computing. |
| |
| Expertise |
| MAS expertise includes
mathematical modelling, partial differential equations and dynamical
systems, applied mathematics and numerical mathematics, numerical
software and simulation, computational fluid dynamics, -
electromagnetics, -(geo)physics and biology, and system and control
theory. |
| |
| Organization/university |
University of Groningen (RUG) |
| Department/faculty |
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science |
| Contact person |
Prof.dr. A.E.P. Veldman |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| The computational fluid
dynamics group from this faculty participates in the project ‘Advanced
simulation techniques for complex flows’ in cooperation with national
research establishments (GTI’s). The contribution is founded on a
longstanding active cooperation with the GTI’s. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Development of simulation
methods for fluid-dynamical problems in (life) sciences and
engineering, in close cooperation with the applied field. Keywords:
mathematical modelling, applied and numerical mathematics,
computational fluid dynamics, algorithm design, software.
|
| |
| Organization/university |
Delft University of Technology (TUD) |
| Department/faculty |
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EWI) |
| Contact person |
Prof.dr.ir. P. Wesseling |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| The TUD Numerical Analysis
Group is involved in research and implementation of methods within
various NPSC projects, viz. on computational finance, on materials
science, on electromagnetics and optics, on hydrocarbon exploration,
and on complex flows.
|
| |
| Expertise |
| The TUD Numerical Analysis
Group has a long tradition and wide experience in numerically solving
partial differential equations and inventing fast and robust solution
methods for applied, industrial and financial problems.
|
| |
| Organization/university |
Delft University of Technology (TUD) |
| Department/faculty |
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering (LR) |
| Contact person |
Dr. ir. Harald van Brummelen |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| The Delft Aerospace
Computational Science (DACS) group is internationally acclaimed for
research in Scientific Computing. Within NPSC, DACS will work on two
applications, viz., fluid-structure interaction for fracture mechanics,
and uncertainty analysis geared towards windenergy and
biomechanics. |
| |
| Expertise |
| The DACS group has an
established record in computational fluid dynamics and fluid-structure
interaction, computational fracture mechanics, stochastic methods and
sensitivity analysis, advanced discretization and solution methods and
multiscale methods. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Technical University Eindhoven (TU/e) |
| Department/faculty |
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Centre for Analysis, Scientific computing and Applications (CASA) |
| Contact person |
Prof.dr. R.M.M. Mattheij |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| CASA combines activities
related to mathematical analysis at the TU/e. Its research objective is
to develop improved mathematical methods. Collaboration with
researchers in technical sciences and industrial partners is vital.
Within NPSC it will work on electronic circuits and bubble
columns. |
| |
| Expertise |
| CASA is experienced in
analysis and numerical simulation of problems that can be modelled as
differential equations. Simulation includes the modelling process up to
and including visualisation of
results. Specific expertise has been built up in a variety of
mathematical and application areas. |
| |
| Organization/university |
University of Leiden (UL) |
| Department/faculty |
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (SCM) Group |
| Contact person |
Dr. G.J.A. Sevink |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| SCM will extend and
numerically optimize their simulation methods for modelling pattern
formation in materials with liquid crystallinity properties. The group
developed its own (commercialized) parallel simulation code, has a
strong background in numerical mathematics and is leading in its
field. |
| |
| Expertise |
| SCM expertise include
modelling, (stochastic) PDEs, numerical mathematics, Krylov subspace
methods, Monte-Carlo methods, high-performance computing, C/C++ coding,
numerical software, simulation, polymer physics and (astro)biology and
polymer synthesis. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Technical University Twente (UT) |
| Department/faculty |
Faculty Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science |
| Contact person |
Prof. dr. ir. J.J.W. van der Vegt |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| The Numerical Analysis and
Computational Mechanics Group (NACM) of this UT faculty participates in
a number of NPSC projects, of which ‘Advanced simulation techniques for
complex flows’ is largest. The group has a track record in modelling
and finite element methods.
|
| |
| Expertise |
| The group’s expertise lies in the design, analysis and application of novel finite-element methods
for partial differential equations. Applications come from fluid dynamics, optics, electromagnetics, water
wave problems. Special attention is paid to complex physical phenomena. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Utrecht University (UU) |
| Department/faculty |
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science. Mathematical Institute (MI) |
| Contact person |
Dr. R. Stevenson |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| UU-MI is taking part in two
NPSC projects, viz. in the computational finance project and in a
project on grid computing. Being the largest mathematical department of
the Netherlands with a strong group in numerical mathematics, MI is
well equipped for this task. |
| |
| Expertise |
| The expertise of the numerical
mathematics group includes parallel computing, combinatorial scientific
computing, numerical linear algebra, and numerical methods for solving
PDEs (adaptive methods, wavelets) with recent promising contributions
for problems in high dimensions. |
| |
| Organization/university |
University of Amsterdam (UvA) |
| Department/faculty |
Faculty of Sience , Korteweg-de Vries
Institute for Mathematics (KDV) and Institute for Biodiversity and
Ecodynamics (IBED) |
| Contact person |
Dr. J.H. Brandts (KDV) and Prof.dr. J. Huisman (IBED) |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| The KDV group has a record in
large scale numerical linear algebra and will participate in the
computational finance project. The IBED group has a record in aquatic
ecology, oceanography, and population dynamics and will participate in
the 'Sustainable world' project on phytoplankton dynamics. |
| |
| Expertise |
| The KDV group is experienced
in theory for finite-element methods for partial differential
equations. The IBED group is one of the world’s leading groups in
freshwater and marine plankton research (6 Nature publications in the
period
1999-2006).
|
| |
| Organization/university |
Erasmus Medisch Centrum (Erasmus MC) |
| Department/faculty |
Biomedical Engineering (BE) |
| Contact person |
Dr. Ir. F.J.H. Gijsen |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| The biomedical engineering
group has a longstanding experience in using numerical models to study
the influence of biomechanics at various level of disease. Within NPSC
it will participate in the project 'Patient-specific computational
simulation for improved stroke prediction'. |
| |
| Expertise |
| The BE group expertise
includes biomechanics, computational fluid dynamics, 3D imaging
techniques, subject specific mesh generation, animal studies, patient
studies, histological processing techniques, and software engineering
for commercial use. |
| |
| Organization/university |
The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) |
| Department/faculty |
Climate Variability (KS) |
| Contact person |
Dr. W.T.M. Verkley |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| KNMI serves the general
public, the Dutch authorities and the aviation and shipping sector by
providing information on weather, climate and seismology. Within NPSC
it will contribute on fundamental and applied research for the
'Sustainable world' project on
climate modelling. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Much of the research in KS
relies on numerical models of the atmosphere, the oceans and the other
components of the climate system. There is expertise on the
interpretation of the numerical results as well as on the fundamental
physics of these systems. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN) |
| Department/faculty |
R&D |
| Contact person |
dr.ir. R.H.M.Huijsmans |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| MARIN participates in the
project 'Advanced simulation techniques for complex flows' with UT and
RUG. Active since 1932, MARIN is an internationally recognized
authority on hydrodynamics, involved in frontier breaking research
programs for governments, the maritime and offshore industry and
navies. |
| |
| Expertise |
| MARIN is dedicated to
furthering maritime understanding and knowledge. It provides commercial
shipbuilders, owners, propeller manufacturers, naval architects and the
offshore industry with state-of-the-art performance predictions, design
consultancy and testing services. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) |
| Department/faculty |
Physical Oceanography & Biological Oceanography |
| Contact person |
Dr. L.R.M. Maas |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| NWO Institute NIOZ is
concerned with the state and evolution of the open ocean and coastal
zone in the physical, (bio & geo) chemical and
biological/ecological fields. Within NPSC it will contribute on
fundamental and applied research for the 'Sustainable world' project on
phytoplankton dynamics. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Ocean observations, laboratory
modeling and development of mathematical models employing partial
differential equations and dynamical systems applied to (geophysical)
fluid dynamics. Study of impact of iron and nutrients on algal
dynamics. |
| |
| Organization/university |
National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR) |
| Department/faculty |
Flight physics (AVFP) |
| Contact person |
Ir. K.M.J. de Cock |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| NLR participates in the NPSC
project ‘Advanced simulation techniques for complex industrial flows’,
collaborating with RUG, MARIN, and Delft Hydraulics. NLR has
participated in many national and international research programmes
concerned with fluid dynamics. |
| |
| Expertise |
| NLR is the central aerospace
research establishment in the Netherlands. NLR has a longstanding
experience in developing and applying computational fluid dynamics in
support of the aerospace industry and the government. |
| |
| Organization/university |
TNO |
| Department/faculty |
Science and Industry (SI) & Defense and Security (FEL) |
| Contact person |
Dr. P.P. van 't Veen (SI), Prof.dr.ir. A.P.M. Zwamborn (FEL) |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| SI will implement resulting
NPSC solvers from the project 'Robust solver design for CFD pakages
used in industry' in X-Stream/Sepran and will validate solutions. FEL
cooperates in the project 'Solvers for electromagnetic field
simulations in electronics and optics' to improve modelling
tools. |
| |
| Expertise |
| SI has a long tradition in
solving flow problems from industry. Their expertise serves many glass
and food producing industries. FEL expertise is to utilize and adapt
electromagnetic modelling tools for the design of complex electronic
systems such as naval vessels.
|
| |
| Organization/university |
Delft Hydraulics (WL) |
| Department/faculty |
Strategic Research & Development (S&O) |
| Contact person |
Dr. Ir. R.E. Uittenbogaard |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| As research and consultancy
institute, WL provides expert advice and technical assistance on
water-related issues. Our staff (350) combines an in-depth command of
critical details with an across-the-board overview. WL participates in
the NPSC project 'Advanced simulation of complex flows'. |
| |
| Expertise |
| In close collaboration with
universities, WL applies their novel simulation methods to
environmental fluid dynamics in international consultancy projects.
Keywords: surface waves, turbulence modelling, computational fluid
dynamics, physical experiments, software and software
maintenance. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Energie Onderzoekcentrum Nederland (ECN) |
| Department/faculty |
Program Wind Energy |
| Contact person |
H. Snel, H.B. Hendriks |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| ECN has 25 years of experience
in development of models rotor and wake aerodynamics, and aero-elastic
response codes. ECN's main role in the HPCN project on 'Off-shore wind
farms is to coordinate the wind energy research and make results
applicable for industry. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Aerodynamics, structural
dynamics, control, load calculation, optimization, condition monitoring
and dynamic load measurements, and analysis for wind turbine
applications. ECN develops and applies computationally efficient CFD.
ECN is ISO 17025 accredited for measurements on wind turbine
systems. |
| |
| Organization/university |
FOM Rijnhuizen |
| Department/faculty |
Numerical Plasma Dynamics group |
| Contact person |
Prof.dr. R. Keppens |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| A major mission of FOM
Rijnhuizen is to contribute to European research on nuclear fusion. For
this purpose, one of the institute’s key disciplines is computational
MHD. Within NPSC, FOM participates in the project 'Magnetohydrodynamics
for the Effective and Efficient Propulsion of Liquids'. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Keppens has a vast experience
in the development and application of computational methods for MHD
problems from astrophysics. With his three appointments (Rijnhuizen.
Utrecht and Leuven) and his many international research contacts, he
has an excellent overview over the field of computational
MHD. |
| |
| Organization/university |
ABN-AMRO bank |
| Department/faculty |
Product & Transaction Analysis |
| Contact person |
Dr. R.M. Elkenbracht-Huizing |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| ABN-AMRO will partly sponsor 2
PhD students for the computational finance project. They will do
research at UU/TUD/CWI and at the bank for an optimal knowledge
tranfer. In cooporation with academia, the Product & Transaction
Analysis group has run succesful PhD projects in the past. |
| |
| Expertise |
| The Product & Transaction
Analysis group is reponsible for the assessment of all models for the
valuation and risk management of derivate products in use at the bank.
|
| |
| Organization/university |
BOAL BV |
| Department/faculty |
Sector Aluminium |
| Contact person |
Dr.ir. K. Nilsen |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Boal will conduct experiments
to validate the models
and simulations developed by the Numerical Analysis Group of the TUD in
the NPSC project 'Robust solvers for moving boundary problems in
materials science'. Boal has a large experience in microstructural
analysis of aluminium.
|
| |
| Expertise |
| Boal Aluminium is a company
which has been in extrusion for over 30 years, producing standard to
custom made aluminium sections. The wide range of presses, placed at
various locations, cover a large part of Western Europe.
|
| |
| Organization/university |
Philips Applied Technologies |
| Department/faculty |
EM&C Competence Center |
| Contact person |
Dr.ir. D.W. Harberts |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Dr. Harberts will transfer the
results of the NPSC project 'Advanced Numerical Modeling and Simulation
of Human Tissues Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields' to industrial
practice. With his vast experience and good overview over
electromagnetic compatibility, he is the ideal project
leader. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Philips Applied Technologies
has a vast experience in providing technologies for new products and
applications in the areas of healthcare, lifestyle and technology, from
a precise MRI apparatus enabling physicians to make a diagnosis to a
clinical themometer for domestic applications. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Philips Medical Systems |
| Department/faculty |
MR Development |
| Contact person |
Dr.ir. G. Peeren |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Dr. Peeren will actively
contribute with his industrial MRI research and advice members of the
project 'Advanced Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Human Tissues
Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields' about the electromagnetic
requirements imposed to new-generation MRI systems. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Philips Medical Systems
delivers innovative healthcare technologies and processes that make the
diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases simple and effective.
Worldwide it plays a leading role in this field. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Philips Research Laboratories |
| Department/faculty |
Electronic Design and Tools Group |
| Contact person |
Dr. E.J.W. ter Maten |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Industrial partner for the
NPSC electronic circuit project, bringing in the orientation needed for
eventual application of results in an industrial context. A similar
role has successfully been fulfilled in earlier projects defined in
national, supra-national and European programmes. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Numerical methods in
industrial simulation problems. For circuit simulation, this is proven
by the successful development, in open competition with commercial
providers, of the in-house circuit simulator Pstar. Furthermore,
expertise in the area of EM simulation has been built up.
|
| |
| Organization/university |
Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. |
| Department/faculty |
Exploratory Research |
| Contact person |
Prof.dr. W.A. Mulder |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Shell acts as an industrial
project partner within NPSC, responsible for the project 'Next
generation software for hydrocarbon exploration'. Shell's research
department has more than 25 years of experience on this
topic. |
| |
| Expertise |
| The research group's expertise covers a wide range of problems in Scientific Computing and applications,
including the development of techniques for seismic and electromagnetic modeling, and inversion of seismic data.
|
| |
| Organization/university |
AE-Rotor Techniek (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
R&D/Design |
| Contact person |
ir. J de Boer |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| AERT participates in the NPSC
project 'Efficient simulation tools for the next generation off-shore
wind farms' and will supply the input for validation test cases
including measurement data, will contribute to prioritizing the
research, and will formulate user specifications and
constraints. |
| |
| Expertise |
| AERT has been founded in 2001.
AERT works in close cooperation with Suzlon ENERGY Ltd, the number 5 on
world market of wind turbines, which has a substantial annual growth.
AERT, together with Suzlon, has elaborate experience in designing,
manufacturing and testing new wind turbine blades. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Culgi BV (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
Research |
| Contact person |
Prof. dr. ir. J.G.E.M. Fraaije |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Culgi BV is a SME research
organisation dedicated to development and marketing of software for
international chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Within NPSC it
will participate in the project 'Algorithms and software for molecular
and mesoscale simulations in computational chemistry'. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Culgi expertise includes the
development of robust industrial quality scientific library software.
Culgi excels from computational chemistry research to novel ‘hybrid’
simulation methods that are unique world-wide, merging concepts from
numerical simulation, thermodynamics and statistical
analysis. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Technisch Adviesbureau Early Minute (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
N.V.T. |
| Contact person |
Dr.ir. B. Gravendeel |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Early Minute is a consultancy
company in electromagnetics. It forms a unique bridge to large-scale
industrial practice. Within NPSC the company participates in the
project 'Magnetohydrodynamics for the Effective and Efficient
Propulsion of Liquids'. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Gravendeel has a longstanding
experience in electromagnetic applications, amongst others for the
'Betuwelijn'. He is the Dutch expert on magnetohydrodynamic liquid
propulsion. With his good overview over this field, he is the ideal
leader of the proposed NPSC project. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Gusto BV, Schiedam (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
Naval Architecture |
| Contact person |
dr.ir J.H.Westhuis |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Gusto provides design,
engineering and consultancy services for the offshore oil/gas and civil
construction industries. Within NPSC Gusto participates in the project
'Advanced simulation techniques for complex flows'. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Gusto is renowned for
designing and building the most innovative construction, drilling and
production equipment and vessels. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Habanera (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
N.V.T. |
| Contact person |
Dr. ir. E.J. Lingen |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Habanera participates in the
HPCN project 'Efficient simulation tools for the next generation
off-shore wind farms' and will design and implement a flexible coupling
shell for running multi-disciplinary simulations, including
fluid-structure simulations. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Habanera’s programming
experience, combined with Habanera’s knowledge of advanced numerical
methods, enables Habanera to solve a wide range of engineering
problems. Habanera’s experience includes finite element simulations,
discrete element simulations, data visualization, and parallel
computing. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Heerema Marine Contractors (HMC) , Leiden (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
Naval Architecture |
| Contact person |
ir F. Lange |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| HMC brings over half a century
of specialised skills to the offshore oil and gas industry. As a world
leading marine contractor, HMC transports, installs and removes all
types of offshore facilities. Within NPSC HCM participates in the
project 'Advanced simulation techniques for complex flows'. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Expertise includes fixed
structures, complex infrastructures and floating facilities, both in
shallow water, deepwater and ultra deepwater. Today, the company
continues to focus on providing added value to its clients and
increasing its profitability. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Medis (Medical Imaging Systems) BV (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
Research & Development |
| Contact person |
Dr.ir. Bob Goedhart |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Medis provides innovative
software solutions that enable clinicians, technicians and researchers
to accurately quantify medical images (cardiovascular domain). Within
NPSC Medis participates in the project 'Patient-specific computational
simulation for improved stroke prediction'. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Validation and
commercialization of medical analytical software packages. Expertise
includes software engineering, image processing and clinical
validation. The company complies with international standards and
regulations to ensure the safety and effectiveness of its
products. |
| |
| Organization/university |
NUMECA International (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
Software development |
| Contact person |
Prof.dr. Charles Hirsch |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| NUMECA International is a
provider of computational fluid dynamics software and consulting
services. Within NPSC the company participates in the project
‘Hydrodynamics of bubble columns’. NUMECA software will be made
available for the development of new multiscale multi-phase turbulence
models. |
| |
| Expertise |
| NUMECA develops industrial
software products for easy-to-use, performant, reliable and accurate
CFD design and optimization. The products combine robustness and
accuracy and are today recognized by prestigious customers world-wide.
Extensive collaborations with academic partners in Europe
exist. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Phoenix BV (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
N.V.T. |
| Contact person |
Ir. N. Olij (COO) |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Phoenix participates in the
project 'Jacobi-Davidson solvers for large scale non-polynomial
eigenvalue problems in integrated optics'. It will supply challenges of
direct interest to industry and test and apply solvers for design and
optimization of own software. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Phoenix is a company that was
founded in 2002, with employees that have excellent experience in
modeling in integrated optics; in some cases over 10 years. The company
provides database software for clean room management, mask design
software, and software for integrated optics simulations. |
| |
| Organization/university |
Simulation Research (SME organization) |
| Department/faculty |
N.A. |
| Contact person |
Dr.ir. P.J. Van Duijsen |
| Contribution |
3. Knowledge development and application |
| |
| Role incl. track record |
| Simulation Research will bring
the software developed in the project “Magnetohydrodynamics for the
Effective and Efficient Propulsion of Liquids” to industrial practice.
Simulation Research provides computational tools for designers in the
power electronics and electrical drives industry. |
| |
| Expertise |
| Simulation Research has a
large expertise in powerful electronic design software with a specific
focus on power electronics design and simulation. The software products
of Simulation Research are used by leading companies in a range of
industries, including electronic, aerospace and automotive. |
| |